Emissions of non-GHG air pollutants

Activity emits non GHG air pollutants. Examples include volume of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and coarse particulate matter (PM10), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), mono-nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2, commonly referred to as NOx), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), etc.

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts can vary depending on the extent of the mining area
			Short - Long term	Local - areas where human activity takes place will be most impacted

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short - Long term	Local - areas with local pollutant inputs can be impacted
			Short - Long term	Local - impacts can be observed where certain species depend on certain habitat conditions
			Short - Long term	Local - specific species that are selectively used can impact other species population

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts could be in the area of use or further up or downstream
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts can favour certain species that can inhabit urban infrastructure
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts can vary depending on the extent of the mining area
			Short - Long term	Local - impacts can negatively affect local habitat structure
			Long term	Local to global - climate is changing on a global level but some local-scale habitats are more resilient or more susceptible to change than others
			Mid - Long term	Regional - impacts affect large regions
			Short - Mid term	Local - areas no longer fit for purpose can be permanently impacted
			Short - Long term	Local - areas where invasive species occur can be impacted
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts can affect species population and habitats
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts have altered local- to regional-level ecosystem properties thrus affecting various functions
			Mid - Long term	Local to regional - areas with water abstraction, as well as areas in downstream regions, could be impacted

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short - Long term	Local to global - local areas and regions differ in their emission of greenhouse gas emissions, however this form of pollution acts on a global scale
			Short - Long term	Local to global - emissions often occur locally, but atmospheric lifetimes are long enough for them to be transported across continents
			Short - Long term	Local to global - impacts can be observed ranging from local to global level

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Mid - Long term	Local to regional - impact can be in the local area but also other regions
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - areas with favourable soil conditions for other uses could be impacted

Emissions of non-GHG air pollutants

Mechanisms of change in state:

Natural capital:

Land geomorphology

Minerals

Ocean geomorphology

Soils and sediments

Species

Structural and biotic integrity

Natural capital:

Atmosphere

Soils and sediments

Species

Structural and biotic integrity

Water

Natural capital:

Atmosphere

Species

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short term	Local - water quality within the water column can have different properties due to local physical features
			Short - Long term	Local - areas where pollutant inputs are observed can be impacted along with downstream regions
			Short - Long term	Local - areas where pollutant inputs are observed can be impacted
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts can be in the immediate vicinity but also can affect neighboring regions

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Mid - Long term	Local - impacts can have local cooling and warming atmospheric effect
			Long term	Local to global - climate is changing on a global level, with some regions experiencing more rapid and/or intensive changes in weather than others
			Short - Long term	Regional to global - impacts are mostly observed at large regional levels but can also be global